Search results for "Vagus nerve stimulation"

Cholinergic-Adrenergic Presynaptic Interactions on the Heart in the Millisecond Range as Studied With the Pulse-to-Pulse Method

1988

A method has been devised to study the interactions of cholinergic and adrenergic nerves in the rabbit atria, a tissue known to be densely innervated by both vagus and sympathetic nerve fibres. The atria were isolated and perfused via the ascending branches of the coronary arteries. The acetylcholine (ACh) stores were labelled with [14C]-choline and the noradrenaline (NA) stores with [3H]-NA. The radioactive compounds were separated on columns and determined by scintillation spectrometry.

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine: The multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-contro…

2019

Introduction Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS; gammaCore®) has the potential to prevent migraine days in patients with migraine on the basis of mechanistic rationale and pilot clinical data. Methods This multicentre study included a 4-week run-in period, a 12-week double-blind period of randomised treatment with nVNS or sham, and a 24-week open-label period of nVNS. Patients were to administer two 120-second stimulations bilaterally to the neck three times daily (6–8 hours apart). Results Of 477 enrolled patients, 332 comprised the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Mean reductions in migraine days per month (primary outcome) were 2.26 for nVNS (n = 165; baseline, 7.9 days) and 1.8…

Influence of vagus nerve stimulation on histamine-induced itching

2002

To investigate whether vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces pruritus in humans.Recently, it has been shown that VNS has antinociceptive and antidepressant effects in humans.Eleven patients were investigated before (baseline) and during chronic VNS treatment. The experiments were performed at two different stimulation intensities: 2 to 5 days after implantation at a low stimulation intensity (mean intensity 0.7 +/- 0.2 mA, second session) and after 8 to 14 weeks of VNS therapy (mean intensity 1.4 +/- 0.3 mA, third session). Twelve healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were investigated using the same experimental protocol. Itch was induced by histamine-iontophoresis and quantified on a visu…

Heteroreceptor-mediated modulation of noradrenaline and acetylcholine release from peripheral nerves

2006

Co-transmitter mediated facilitation by sympathetic nerve stimulation of evoked acetylcholine release from the rabbit perfused atria preparation.

1995

Rabbit atria were isolated with the extrinsic right sympathetic and vagus nerves attached and perfused with Tyrode solution. Acetylcholine overflow was determined after labelling of the transmitter stores with [14C]choline and fractionation of the radioactivity on cation exchange columns. Sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS, 2 Hz, 3 min) carried out together with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS, 2 Hz, 3 min), but each SNS pulse preceding a vagal one by 19 ms, caused a facilitation of acetylcholine overflow of about 60% versus independent controls in the absence of SNS. Antagonists of putative neurotransmitters were tested to find out the prejunctional mediator involved in the facilitation. The …

The effect of physostigmine on the vagally induced muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline release from the isolated perfused rabbit atria.

1982

1. Presynaptic cholinergic-adrenergic interactions were studied on isolated perfused rabbit atria with the extrinsic right vagus and sympathetic innervation intact. The transmitter stores were labelled with 14C-choline and 3H-noradrenaline. The radioactive compounds were separated on columns and determined by scintillation spectrometry. The stimulation-evoked overflow of both transmitters was calcium-dependent and abolished by tetrodotoxin. 2. Methacholine caused a concentration-dependent decrease of atrial tension development and 3H-noradrenaline overflow evoked by 3 Hz sympathetic stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation (1–20Hz), although nearly abolishing tension development at 20Hz, decrea…

A presynaptic excitatory M1 muscarine receptor at postganglionic cardiac noradrenergic nerve fibres that is activated by endogenous acetylcholine.

1990

Rabbit atria were isolated with the extrinsic right vagus and sympathetic nerves intact and perfused with Tyrode solution. Noradrenaline overflow evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) at 3 Hz for 3 min was determined before, during, and after vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), also at 3 Hz and for 3 min. The VNS pulses preceded the SNS pulses by 3, 100 and 233 ms. Acetylcholine overflow was determined after labelling of the transmitter stores with [14C]choline. Pirenzepine 80 nmol/l failed to alter the muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline overflow when the vago-sympathetic impulse intervals were 3 and 233 ms. At an interval of 100 ms VNS did not significantly inhibit noradrenaline ove…

Neuromodulation of chronic headaches: position statement from the European Headache Federation

2013

The medical treatment of patients with chronic primary headache syndromes (chronic migraine, chronic tension-type headache, chronic cluster headache, hemicrania continua) is challenging as serious side effects frequently complicate the course of medical treatment and some patients may be even medically intractable. When a definitive lack of responsiveness to conservative treatments is ascertained and medication overuse headache is excluded, neuromodulation options can be considered in selected cases.Here, the various invasive and non-invasive approaches, such as hypothalamic deep brain stimulation, occipital nerve stimulation, stimulation of sphenopalatine ganglion, cervical spinal cord sti…

Noninvasive neurostimulation methods for migraine therapy: The available evidence.

2016

Background Migraine is one of the most disabling neurological disorders. The current pharmacological armamentarium is not satisfying for a large proportion of patients because the responder rate does not exceed 50% on average and the most effective drugs often induce intolerable side effects. During recent years, noninvasive central and peripheral neuromodulation methods have been explored for migraine treatment. Overview A review of the available evidence suggests that noninvasive neuromodulation techniques could be beneficial for migraine patients. The transcranial stimulation methods allow modulating selectively cortical activity and can thus be curtailed to the patient’s pathophysiologi…